Insaniyat N°74| 2016 |Femmes dans les pays arabes : changements sociaux et politiques| p. 114-116|
Belkacem BENZENINE: Public policies and women's rights after the “Arab Spring”
The purpose of this contribution is to provide an overview of public policies on women in Arab countries since the year 2011. Our interest is focused on the socio-political contexts of the “Arab Spring” to prove that despite a strong participation of women in the protest movements, the latter do not take advantage, for as much, of such measures which aim at securing them justice. We sustain the idea that public politics remain helpless because of the cultural background on one side, and the absence of political will on the other.
Keywords: public policies - Arab Spring - equality - women's rights - Arab world.
Safaa MONQID: Women’s and feminist movements in Egypt: retrospective and evolutionary history (end of the 19th century to the present day)
The present contribution provides a retrospective and an analysis of the evolution of women’s and feminists movements in Egypt and debates of the span from the end of the 19th century till the 1950s, with a particular focus on the inter-war period, when a feminist action was organized and a feminist movement flourished, making itself heard and imposing claims before that feminism turned into a “State feminism” in the late 1970s.
Keywords: women’s movements - feminist movements - gender - state - Egypt - movement of claim.
Hanin BARAZI: Egyptian feminist movement: between the weight of cultural heritage and political activity: the case of Maydan Tahrir Women
The present work is based on a field study conducted in Cairo (Egypt) between the years 2012 and 2013 implicating 36 Egyptian women who joined in the "revolution" of 25 July 2011” by taking parts in sit-ins at MaydanTahrir.
The study is focused on five dimensions: family socialization and scientific education, cultural and religious heritage, political dynamics, revolutionary participation and the conflict between the "liberal feminist-women's movement" and the "Islamic feminist movement".
It is through this approach that we attempt to study the established rebellion in the family and educational environment of "Tahrir women". In addition, we pay interest to the various feminine and feminist currents present in the Egyptian society prior and after the “revolution of January 25" and shed light on the similarities and differences between the two women’s Islamic currents in Egypt.
Keywords: Maydan Tahrir - liberal current - Islamist current - feminist movement - political movement - Egypt.
Louisa DRIS-AÏT HAMADOUCHE: Women in the Algerian political system: between selective inclusion and targeted exclusion
In the past few years, Algeria implemented a set of measures promoting women’s emergence in politics (amendments of Family Code and Nationality acquisition form, positive discrimination policy, condemning violence against women). These measures increased the presence of this segment of society. Did the new procedures of integration, for as much, enhance women’s influence in policy making? To provide a response to this query, the present article will state the issue of the perpetual marginalization of women and their project of integration in the political exchange between policy makers and women. It will, in an attempt, determine the consequences on each of the protagonists.
Keywords: Women - political exchange - integration - marginalization - quota - Algeria.
Jallal MESBAH: Amina Sboui: Body (ies) reexamined
The article discusses the process of politicization and the inconvenience initiated by Amina Sboui, a young Tunisian who published topless photos of her body (naked breast) on social networks. Based on Amina Sbiou’s autobiography, a corpus of written and audio-visual press, materials issued from social networks and judicial elements, following which thisarticle aims at tracing back the events which took place between March and August 2013. The analysis of the temporalities of these events (politicization, mediatization, and judiciarization) reveals much more than the context of politicaltransition in Tunisia; it is the revolutionary process, in itself, that this body bears and prolongs. The (con) fusion between Amina’s individual body and the social body in “revolution”, in other words the emergence of the political body, attests a similar process: the (political) requalification of the body.
Keywords: body - gender - feminism - politicization - revolution - Tunisia.
Houda LARBI: Women minors and their activism in mining basins (January 2008)
Social and political changes were factors in women’s liberation from the private sphere, enabling themto deal with with men’s pressures. The components of Tunisian society experienced a conflict with the "State apparatus" in managing the development process, which is a “State privilege” and by means of which different components of society are marginalized. The fact caused protest of political currents during which women formed the backbone calling on protesters to claim their rights, especially in the mining region of southern Tunisia.
The present article examines the roles of women in protests against "State apparatus". What claims and issues were subject of their action? What forms of activism were being adopted? Are there any forms of activism specific to women? To what extent did women's activism and commitment to public causes contribute to their liberation? What hindrances and challenges did women face in engaging in public debate and political affairs?
Keywords: Women minors - protest movements - Gafsa events - social recognition - Tunisia.
Mohamed HANIN: Women’s movement and challenge of democracy in Morocco: the case of abortion
The issue of the right to abortion caused a polemic between the different components of women’s movement; as it split public opinion into various tendencies. The various reports written by (inter)national institutions in concern of women and child care highlight the rising number of hazardous abortion. They also call attention to the fact that discrimination against women caused them various aspects of violence due to laws forbidding abortion except for some delicate cases. How does Moroccan feminist activism process vis-à-vis masculine domination and patriarchal dominance in relation with the achievement of women’s rights? What are the ideological and ideal bases structuring feminist protesting movements? Is it possible to talk about an agreement in feminist activism regarding abortion? What types of strategies of resistance are being adopted by women and what are the limits of their effectiveness? Such are the questions we attempt to approach in this article.
Keywords: Right to abortion - women movement - healthcare discrimination - violence - Morocco.
